Network Support Library/RoseWare - Network Support Library.iso/nw40/nw4out.txt

Text File | 1994-02-06 | 27KB | 935 lines

NetWare 4 Survival Guide - Outline

Introduction
Where we are going
Phases of Setting Up a Network
Implementation
Operation and Maintenance
Expansion
Part I. Introduction To Netware 4
    Part I will provide the background necessary to understand networks
    in general and give an overview of NetWare's place in the market.
1 Networking Technology
    A basic overview of networking in general is presented in this
    chapter. Generic characteristics are defined without specific
    reference to NetWare.
-Components of a Network
    File Server
    Client Workstation
    Network Interface Cards
    Cabling
    Software
-Capabilities of a Network or Internetwork
    Share Files
    Share Resources
    Share Applications
    Use E-Mail and other utilities
    Security
-Historical View
-Features of Network Operating Systems
    File and Directory Services
    Global View of Internetwork
    System Fault Tolerance

2 How NetWare Fits In
    This section is intended to give the reader a quick overview of the
    features of NetWare. Specific details of these features will be
    covered in the Installation or Operation sections of the book, as
    appropriate; cross-references to those sections will be made here.
-Novell's Programming and Marketing Strategies
-Specialization as Back-End Network Product
    Event-Driven System
    Traditional Design Components
    Rich Service Environment
    Platform for Server-Based Applications
    Operating System with dynamic NetWare Loadable Modules (NLMs)
    Foundation of the Enterprise Network
    Scalable from Workgroup to Enterprise
    Expandability
    Fault Tolerance
    Operating System Capacity
    Client Support
    Protocol Support
-What You Need to Run Netware
    File Server
    Two or More Workstations
    Appropriate Media Connections
Basic NetWare Features

3 NetWare Features Overview
    This section will define the various aspects of NetWare 4.x and
    introduce some of the more technical terminology. Usage details and
    installation information will be left to parts II and III.
-NetWare Directory Services (NDS)
-Resources as Objects
-Users
-Administrators and Supervisors
-High Performance Scheduler
-Memory Management
-Data Migration
-Block Suballocation
-Background File Compression
-Network Activity Auditing
-Security
-RSA Public-Key Cryptosystem
-Access Rights
-Optional Memory Protection
-Wide Area Network (WAN) Connection
-Internationalization
-Print Services
-Storage Management Services (SMS)
-Image-Enabled NetWare
-User Utilities
-Online Documentation
-NLM Development Tools

4 Related Products
    This is a new section to address how NetWare can be used in various
    configurations. While these products are not "NetWare" specifically,
    they will co-exist on a NetWare network so they should be at least
    acknowledged.
-Workstations
-WAN
-NAS
-NetWare for SAA
-Netware Management

Part II. Planning a NetWare Network
    Part II will present technical detailed information for making
    informed decisions about planning for NetWare.

5 Networking Standards
    Selecting networking software that supports established standards
    protects the clients investment. This chapter introduces the
    importance and scope of networking standards as relates to purchasing
    decisions.
-How Standards are Set
    Proprietary
    De facto
    De jure
-Networking Standards Types
    Communications Protocols (Physical and Data Link Layers)
    Cabling
    Ethernet
    Token Ring
    Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
    ARCNet
    IEEE 802 Series
    Wireless Transmitters and Receivers
-Network Interface Methods (Network Layer)
    IPX/SPX
    TCP/IP
    AppleTalk
    NetBIOS
    Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
-Application Services (Application Layer)
    NCP
    NFS
    AFP
    Directory Services
-Programming Interface
    Published APIs
-Network Management
    SNMP
    Management Products

6 Server Hardware
    Choosing appropriate hardware for both the servers and workstations
    ensures proper functioning of NetWare.

-Server Types and Their Requirements
    File Server
    Database Server
    Comm Server
-Choosing Quality Equipment
    Hardware Fault Tolerance
    Novell's Hardware Certification Program
    Vendor Support
    Expandability and Upgradability
    Memory
    Expansion slots
-Balanced Approach
-Best Processor Type for NetWare
    386SX
    386DX
    486SX
    486DX
    OverDrive and DX2
    50-MHz 486
    Pentium
-Bus Types
    Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)
    Micro Channel Architecture (MCA)
    Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA)
    Local bus
    Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)
-Selecting Storage Systems
    Balancing the Disk Channel
    Drive Technologies
    Enhanced Small-Device Interface (ESDI)
    Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)
    Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI)
    Implementing Drive Technology

7 Workstation Hardware
    This chapter does not now exist so the outline is a little sketchy at
    this point. Your ideas are welcome!
-Determining User Profile
    DOS
    Windows Clients
    OS/2
    Macintosh
    UNIX
-Application Software
    General Business (Word processing, mail, etc.)
    Graphics and Layout
    Financial and Database
-Hardware Components
    Processor Speed
    Memory
    Hard Drive Capacity
    Diskless Systems

8 Working Within Your Budget
    This chapter will assist those unfamiliar with hardware purchasing
    to find good hardware prices and work with consultants and technicians.

-Product Information
    Computer Directory
    LAN Times Buyer's Guide
    Computer Database Plus
-Site Licensing and Corporate Rates
-Novell Certification
-Hiring Consultants
-Hiring Technicians

9 Media Types
    This chapter will be brought together from a number of existing
    chapters as well as a large degree of new information. Specific
    definitions and descriptions will be given for topologies, cable
    types, internetwork connections, wide-area networks, and mainframes.

-Network Topologies
    Network Types
    Bus
    Ring
-Cabling
    Ethernet
    Token Ring
    Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
    ARCNet
    IEEE 802 Series
    Wireless Transmitters and Receivers
-Internetworking
    Repeaters
    Bridges
    Routers
    Backbones
-WAN Connections
    Types of remote links
    Making the connection
-Mainframe Connections
    IBM Host
    TCP/IP and UNIX

10 Determining Personnel Roles
    This chapter is proposed to explain how the administration of the
    network is structured as far as the personnel is concerned. How
    they are defined on the network will be covered in the NDS part
    III. This information does not now exist.

-Personnel Roles
    Administrators
    Duties and knowledge requirements
    Group Supervisors
    Duties and knowledge requirements
    Print Console Operators
    Dutes and knowledge requirements
    Other Responsible Roles
    Area supervisors
-How to Organize Network Administration
    Centralized
    Distributed
    Combination
-Supervisor vs. Admin
    Abilities and controls
    Inherited Rights Filter

Part III. Understanding NetWare Directory Services
    This section will explain NDS in depth from designing a tree to
    the various ways NDS is used to administer the network.

11 Defining Network Resources
    The way the NDS defines users as resources is new in the 4.x versions.
-What are Objects?
    Define "object," "property," and "values"
    Container objects
    Leaf objects
-Defining resources as objects
    Users
    General users
    Administrators and Supervisors (users with more rights)
    Groups
    Servers
    Workstations
    Printers
    Other devices

12 Establishing Naming Conventions
    Before you can begin the installation, you must make some
    administrative decisions about how objects will be identified on
    the network.

-What are naming conventions and why do I need to worry about it?
-How are naming conventions established?
-How are they managed?
-What if we change our minds later?

13 Designing the NetWare Directory Services Tree
    Setting up the logical structure of the network is a vital part
    of planning the network. All users and resources are defined
    within the context of this tree.
-NDS Tree
    Defining the tree
    Organizational structure approach
    Geographical approach
-Sample plan for Clearwater Industries

14 Partitioning and Time Synchronization
-Partitions and Replicas
    How is the network partitioned
    How replicas are updated (automatic)
-Why time synchronization is vital
    How to configure time synchronization

Part IV. Preparing for the Installation or Upgrade
    Preparing for the installation involves everything from making a
    plan to completing the installation. Part IV covers all aspects of
    installing the software for NetWare including new servers and
    workstations as well as upgrades.

15 Developing an Installation Plan
    Planning the installation is especially important with large
    networks, but can also be critical for small ones. This chapter
    assists in planning by giving practical steps and guidance for
    developing an installation plan.

-Coordinating with Management and Users
-Determining the Server and Workstation Installation Order
-Using project management software

16 Protecting the Data and Hardware
    Backing up existing server data and user configuration files is
    vital for a successful upgrade. Any hardware setup should include
    power protection.

-Backing Up Existing Servers
-Handling Power Fluctuations and Outages

17 Configuring Server Hardware
    This chapter will guide the reader through preparing the server
    hardware for the installation. This does not include installing
    the networking software.
-Network Interface Cards (NIC)
-Random Access Memory (RAM)

18 Configuring Workstation Hardware
    This chapter will guide the reader through preparing the workstation
    hardware for the installation. This does not include installing the
    networking software.
-Network Interface Cards
-Connecting to the network

19 Installing Media and Connectors
    Once the computers, printers, etc. are in place, they can begin to
    be connected to one another via whatever media type is chosen.
    While this portion may be completed by a hired wiring technician,
    an understanding of what is involved in it is necessary for
    administrators, especially when it comes to troubleshooting the
    network media later.
-Routers
-WAN Links
-Mainframe connection
-Working with Wiring Consultants
-Cable Testing Equipment

Part V. Implementing the Network
    Part V explains the actual installation process from ElectroText
    to upgrading existing servers and workstations.

20 Installing ElectroText
    ElectroText, the online help utility, can be used to walk the
    installer through the process.
-Installing onto the Test Network
-Using ElectroText During the Installation Process

21 Installing NetWare on New Servers
    This chapter will include all the steps and pitfalls for installing
    on a new server that is "out of the box."
-DOS Installation Procedure
-Steps 1-16?
-Windows Installation
-UNIX Installation

22 Upgrading an Existing Server
    Upgrading involves a few more steps, depending on what version is
    currently installed. Once the differences are delineated, the
    reader will be referred to the appropriate place in the previous
    chapter.
-Methods of Upgrading
-Across-the-Wire
-Same-Server
-In-Place
-Upgrading from 2.x
-Upgrading from 3.x

23 Installing New Workstation Software
-Installing on "out of the box" workstations.
-DOS Requester
-Windows
-OS/2
-UNIX
-Macintosh

24 Upgrading an Existing PC Workstations
    Upgrading involves maintaining user preferences, login scripts,
    etc. that can be easily reconfigured with the upgrade.

Part VI. Operation
    Once the network operating system and workstation software is
    installed, the administrator and users can begin taking advantage
    of it. Operation involves everything from defining user accounts
    to training the users to use the system.

25 Configuring User Accounts
    The administrator will need to define the users on the network
    before they can take advantage of it. This section describes both
    DOS and Windows methods.
-What Should be in a Script
-Using NETADMIN (DOS)
    Creating Users
    Creating Groups
    Login Scripts
    Types of Scripts
    SYSTEM LOGIN SCRIPT
    PROFILE LOGIN SCRIPT
    USER LOGIN SCRIPT
    Creating or Modifying a Script
    Associating a Profile Script to a User
    Copying a Script
-Using NetWare Administrator (Windows)
    Creating Users
    Creating Groups
    Login Scripts
    Types of Scripts
    SYSTEM LOGIN SCRIPT
    PROFILE LOGIN SCRIPT
    USER LOGIN SCRIPT
    Creating or Modifying a Script
    Associating a Profile Script to a User
    Copying a Script
-Login Script Commands and Variables
    #
    ATTACH
    BREAK
    CLS
    COMSPEC
    CONTEXT
    DISPLAY
    DOS BREAK
    DOS SET
    DOS VERIFY
    DRIVE
    EXIT
    FDISPLAY
    FIRE PHASERS
    GOTO
    IF...THEN
    END
    INCLUDE
    LASTLOGINTIME
    MACHINE
    MAP
    NO_DEFAULT
    NOSWAP
    PAUSE
    PCCOMPATIBLE
    SET
    SET_TIME
    SHIFT
    SWAP
    TEMP SET
    WRITE
-Login Script Identifier Variables
    Date Identifiers
    Time Identifiers
    User Identifiers
    Network Identifiers
    Workstation Identifiers
    DOS Environment Identifiers
    Miscellaneous Identifiers
-Login Script Example

26 Menuing
    Many users are not particularly adept at using computers.
    Administrators can make things easier for both novice users and
    those who just don't want to fool with DOS for everything from
    signing on to the network to launching applications.

-Building Menus
    Using NMENU facility
-Setting up a Turnkey System
    AUTOEXEC.BAT
    LOGIN scripts
    Custom menus

27 Implementing Security
    Security of data and applications is one of the primary features
    of networking software. While technically it could be argued that
    it is part of configuring the user accounts, we felt it needed its
    own chapter to properly address the subject.

-Components of NetWare Security
-Determining Your Security Requirements
-Login Authentication
    RSA Public-Key Cryptosystem
    Login Authentication
    Background Authentication
-NDS Rights Enforcement
    How Access Control Lists (ACLs) Work
    Object Property ACL
    ACL Rights Mask
    The Admin Object
    The Public Object
    Groups
    Rights Inheritance
    Login Restrictions
    Password Restrictions
    NetAdmin
    File System Security Architecture
    File Ownership
    File Attributes
    System Auditing
    NCP Session Authentication
-Securing the Server Console
    Importance of Console Security
    Loading Rogue NLMs
    Changing the Server Date or Time
    The Internal Debugger

28 Auditing
-How Auditing Can Ensure Compliance
    Monitoring adherance to naming procedures
    Monitoring file access
-Enabling Auditing
-Using AUDITCON

29 Documenting Your Network
    The administrator needs to have a clear picture of what the
    network is made up of. This detailed documentation is helpful
    for future planning, cost justification, and troubleshooting,
    to mention a few advantages.

-Database Information Needed
    Physical location
    Name and phone number of machine's user (or caretaker in the case
        of printers, modems, servers, etc.)
    Manufacturer and model of computer
    NDS tree position or NDS login context
    Network address
    Network interface card jumper settings
    Workstation configuration and installation record
    Operating system and version
    Device driver version
    Software installation and upgrade history including size of
        programs and Auxiliary files
    Maintenance and repair history
    Warranty
-Utilities for Documentation
    Computer configuration data
    Netware .NCF file
    CONFIG.SYS for DOS and OS/2
    Windows and OS/2 .INI file
    NET.CFG file
    DOS AUTOEXEC.BAT file
    Network Inventory Managers or Network Auditors
    DOS and Windows products
    Macintosh products
    Features and Shortcomings
-Using the Data
    Marking the Hardware
    Matching bus type
    Network interface cards including network addresses, media type,
        slots, interrupts, port addresses, memory addresses
    Controller cards for peripherals including slots, interrupts,
        port addresses, memory addresses
    Generating Executive Reports
    Cost vs. effectiveness
    Storage capacity needs assessment
    Software applications installed
    Computing costs per user

30 Working with Users
    User training can begin as soon as a server and a few workstations
    are set up. This chapter will cover what users need to know and
    how the administrators can help them best utilize their new
    (or upgraded) networks.

-User Training
    Logging into the Network
    Login Scripts
    Accessing and Saving Files (filing system)
    Using the CX command
    Using the NLIST command
    Printing
    Using an E-Mail System to Your Advantage
    Reporting Trouble
    Equipment Trouble
    Network Trouble
    Virus Identification and Eradication
-Workgroup Administrator Training
    Software Acquisition and Installation Procedures
    Adding New Users
    Security Policies and Procedures
    Physical Access to Servers
-Ongoing User Support
    ElectroText
    Phone Support
    Help Desk

31 Network Printing
    Network Printing is another major component of networking. We found
    the information in the existing materials to be lacking and will
    therefore require quite a bit of additional writing.

-Elements of Network Printing
    Print Server
    Print Queue
    PrinterNDS Printer Object
    Print Job Configurations
    Controlling Access to Print Services
    Cross-Platform Printing
    NetWare Printing Utilities
-Devising Your Network Printing Plan
    Various Print Service Configurations
    Connection to File Servers
    Connection to Workstations
    Connection to Network Cable Directly
-Setting Up NetWare Print Services
    Printing Setup Checklist
    Installing a Printer
    Loading PSERVER.NLM and NPRINTER.NLM
    Loading Print Server Software
    Loading the NetWare Printer Driver
    Printing for Non-Network Applications
    Using PRINTDEF and PRINTCON
    Printer definitions
    Print forms (paper sizes)
    Print job configuration options
    Specifying the queue or printer
    Using CAPTURE, NETUSER, NPRINT, AND PCONSOLE Options
    Setting the print time
-Advanced Print Services Configurations
    Multiple Queues to a Single Printer
    Multiple Printers to a Single Queue
    Modifying the Print Services Configuration

32 Selecting and Managing Network Applications
    Sharing applications over a network can save a company mucho
    bucks but can also cause headaches if purchasing is not done
    intelligently. This chapter will help define what to look for
    in a network application as well as pitfalls to avoid.

-What to Look for in a Multi-User Network Application
    Network Aware
    Network Blind
    Network Inherent
-Determining Network Awareness
    LAN Version
    Application Program Interface (API) Usage
-Application Security
-Network Interoperability
-Handling Network-Specific Documentation
-Getting Application Vendor Support for Networks
    Technical Support Alliance (TSA)
-Choosing Licensing Options
    Per-User License
    Software Metering
    Site License
    LAN Pack
-Installing Windows Applications
    Downsizing or Rightsizing

33 Remote Access
    Connecting the internetwork through remote access will allow
    branches of an organization to better keep in touch and share
    valuable resources. This chapter explains in detail the various
    methods of connecting via remote access.

-When Wiring is Not Enough
-Dial-In Access
    Mail Servers
    Multi-tasking Comm Servers
    Dial-up Routers
-Asynchronous Communications
    NetWare Remote Shell
    NetWare Access Server
    NetWare Asynchronous Communication Services
    Remote Console
-Selecting a Modem
    Baud and bps
    V-dot Standards
    V32bis
    V.42bis
    MNP
    V.FAST
    High-speed UARTs
-High-speed Alternative Links
    Fractional T1 Services
    Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
-Selecting a Comm Server

Part VII. Maintenance & Troubleshooting
    Networks are living, growing beings that must be monitored and
    "tended" constantly. Part VII is for the network administrator
    who wants to gets the most from the network.

34 Network Management
    This chapter will cover the daily management of the network.
    We felt that the existing information was accurate, but not
    complete. Further research will probably be in order to fill
    out this chapter.

-Taking a Proactive Approach
    Deciding on a Strategy
    Areas of Management
    Enterprise Management Platforms
-Tools for Managing Your Network
    Products Available from Novell
    NETADMIN (DOS)
    NetWare Administrator (Windows)
    Netware Management System (NMS)
    NetWare Services Manager
    Partition Manager
    Products from Other Sources
    Support for Enterprise Management Systems
    Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
    IBM's NetView
-NetWare's Remote Management Facility
    Remote Management Facility (RMF)
    Direct Connection Configuration
    Asynchronous Connection Configuration
    Redundant Connection Configuration
    Management and Troubleshooting Uses for RMF
    Security Precautions
    Running a Remote Console Session
    Specific Administrative Tasks
    Updating LAN or disk drivers
    Reboot a remote server
-Enterprise Management Systems: Novell's NMS
    Status
    Architecture
    Database Schema
    Management Protocol
    Management Agents
    Database Management System
    Discovery Engine
    Data Retrieval
    Scripting Facility
    Security Mechanisms
    Console Interface
    Multi-Platform Network Management
    SNMP Technical Details

35 Archiving and Backup
    Protecting the data is a vital part of network maintenance.
    This chapter will delineate various ways of protecting that data.

-Importance of Archiving Network Data
-NetWare Archival Requirements
    NetWare File System
    NetWare-specific File Attributes
    Support for Name Spaces
    Awareness of File Concurrency Issues
    Background File Compression
    NetWare Data Migration System
    NetWare Certified Archiving Products
-Archiving Methods
    Rotating Media
    Image Backup and Restore
    File-by-File Backup and Restore
    Journaled Archive
    Perpetual Archive
-Archiving Hardware and Software
-Storage Management Services (SMS)
    Archiving Server Data
    Archiving Workstation Data
-Frequency of Archive
-Test Restoration Operations
-Disaster Recovery

36 Accounting
    Accounting assists administrators in assessing the usage of
    the various network resources and lines.

-What is Accounting
    Tracking network use
    Noting available server disk space
    Assessing transfer packet volume
-How to use the Data in Other Programs

37 Tuning for Performance
    Making the most of a company's resources is high on any
    manager's list. Tuning for Performance will help the
    administrator configure the network for the most efficient performance.

-Dynamic Configuration
    Directory cache buffers
    File cache buffers
    Disk elevator size
    Setting packet receive buffers
    File lock
    Prioritizing Server Processes
    Kernel processes
    Kernel semaphores
    Memory for NLMs
    Maximum number of open files
    Router/server advertising
    Routing buffers
    Service processes
    TTS transactions
    Turbo FAT index tables
-Determining Block Size
-Large Internet Packet (LIP)
-New memory model
    Establishing domain
    Memory protection
-Assessing Server RAM
-Understanding and Tuning Packet Burst
-Protocol Analysis Tools and Techniques
    Protocol Analyzers
    Understanding Protocols
    Understanding Frame Types
-Trend Analyzers

38 Troubleshooting
    Even in a well-planned network, things go wrong from time to
    time. This section needs to be expanded GREATLY, especially for a
    survival guide.

-Alleviating Server Errors
    Too Many Collisions
    In Sync Cards
    CRC Errors
    Finding Cable Faults
    Lost Carrier Sense
    Network Jabbers
    Short and Long Frames
    late Events
    FCS and Alignment Errors
-Change Management
    Identifying Change Events
    Network Inventory Packages
-Developing a Troubleshooting Methodology
-Pre-Production Testing
-Identifying Server Abends
-The NetWare Debugger
    Entering the Debugger
    Retrieving the Status of Active Threads
    Viewing Console Screens
    Viewing Loaded Modules
    Other Debugger Options
-LAN Problems
    Incorrectly Loading LAN Drivers
    Incorrect Protocol Binding
    Using Protocol Analyzers
-Disk Problems
    Automatic Volume Dismounts
    Errors Updating the FAT Table
    Failure to Mount a Volume
    Read-After-Write Verification Errors
    Drive Mirroring and Duplexing
-NDS Problems
    Breakdown of Time Synchronization
    Network and Routing Problems
    Partitions Stored on Downed Servers
-Technical Support Sources
    NetWire
    ElectroText
    User Groups
    Number at Novell (charged)

Part VIII. Internetworking & Expansion
    Combining and expanding networks are ways the overall
    structure changes and grows over time. Part VIII will address
    issues related to these topics.

39 Internetworking
    The main goal of internetworking is to connect individual
    networks to each other. This can be in the same building or
    thousands of miles apart. This chapter explores internetworking
    as a means of connecting various branches of an organization.

-Examples of Internetworking
-Levels of Connectivity
    How the Levels Work Together
    Physical Level
    Protocol Level
    Application Level
-NetWare's Internetworking Services
-Open Data-Link Interface
    Support for LLC Frames
    Support for Multiple Protocol Stacks
-Advantages of NetWare's Internetworking Services
    IP Tunneling
    Customized router
    Application-Level Programming Interfaces
-Host Connectivity
    TCP/IP Links
    IBM Systems Network Architecture (SNA)

40 Expanding Your NetWare Installation
    As an organization expands, so does its computing needs.
    NetWare can be expanded as easily as it can be installed.

-Planning for Expansion
-Expanding Servers
    Loadable Device Drivers
    Adding Network Adapter Cards
    Adding Hardware to a Server
    Loading the Media Device Driver
    Creating a NetWare Partition
    Creating a New Volume
    Extending an Existing Volume
    Optional Surface Test
    Adding RAM to a Server
-Adding a LAN Segment to a Server
    Naming Network Driver Boards
    Handling Address Conflicts
-Adding Support for Non-DOS File Formats
    Name Space Memory Requirements
    Name Space Storage Requirements
-Installing NLMs
    Novell
    Third-Party
-Adding a New Server to the NDS Tree
    NDS Context
    Time Synchronization
    Partition Replications
    User Access to the New Server
    Wide-Area Links

Part IX. Command Reference

41 Server Console Commands
42 User Command Line Commands
43 User Menu Utilities

Part X. Appendices
A Glossary of Networking Terms
B Where to get More Information
C Network Management Forms and Lists
D Cabling Rules
E NetWare v4.x Features Table and Hardware Requirements
F Description of the Software